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NanoNeedle™ Scope 2.0
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Pitcher's Recovery

At the Sports Medicine Fellows Forum, Travis J. Dekker, MD (Colorado Springs, CO), reviews a practical, step-by-step approach to primary shoulder arthroplasty, emphasizing preoperative planning, team communication, and operating room setup to improve surgeon confidence, efficiency, and clinical outcomes.

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Tips for Efficiency in Shoulder Arthroplasty Surgery

OrthoPedia: Tips for Efficiency in Shoulder Arthroplasty Surgery

Gautam Yagnik, MD (Miami, FL), demonstrates a distal biceps tendon repair using the TensionTight™ button.

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Distal Biceps Tendon Repair Using the TensionTight™ Button

This is Doctor Janik from Miami, Florida. Today we're going to do a distal biceps tendon repair using the tension tight button to orient you. We have a right elbow. This is proximal. This is distal. This is the radial side and the owner's side. We've marked out the antecubital fossa. And I typically make a transverse incision centered over the radial tuberosity, generally about three centimetres distal to the antecubital fossa. I have the tension tight button that comes preloaded on the inserter with our suture passer. We have our tension tight suture, a Keith needle, our spade tip drill, our appropriately sized reamer, and our seven by ten millimeter biocomposite interference screw. So once we've identified our biceps tendon, I'll get control of the tendon with an Allis clamp. And we're going to go ahead now and whipstitch the tendon using our suture here that's specially designed for the tension type button. And we've brought on our Keith Needle. Go ahead and bring our loop suture through. And you can pass it anywhere between 3 and 6 throws typically allow us to capture the tendon for our final throw. We're going to go just behind our first suture here and lock the suture into place. There we can go ahead and do our final tensioning. And we have really nice control of the distal biceps tendon here. All right. So with some of this excess tendon trimmed off we'll take our sizing guide. And we will size our tendon. And an eight millimeter socket which is pretty typical tends to be the right. So it does not fit through a seven. It goes easy through an eight. So we're going to drill an eight millimeter socket. We're going to go ahead now and load our suture into our tension type button which we've brought onto the field. You can see that it's preloaded on the Inserter with the suture passer already passed through the locking jaw. So we'll go ahead now and pass this suture. And the suture passer helps us to orient the button in the correct orientation and have the sutures passing in the correct orientation through the locking jaw. So you can see the locking jaw right here. So it can pass very easily in one direction but it will not pass backwards. So once we get the suture initially through the button there is a little thicker part of the suture. This little swedge that's coming into our field right here. So we'll go ahead and make sure that we can pass the suture through the button here, getting this little thicker swedge part through the button. And we'll also get a pull just a little more suture through. So we have both ends of the suture coming through the butt. And if we pull perpendicular to the button makes it a lot easier to pass it through the button. So once we get our button set, we're going to go ahead and clamp it here and turn our attention towards exposing the radial tuberosity. So we'll go ahead and identify the center of the radial tuberosity. And I'll kind of if I want to confirm this with fluoroscopy I can go ahead and place this pin. I want to place it by cortically. And once I pass through the second cortex I will stop there. You can use fluoroscopy here. If there's any question I encourage you to do that just to confirm that you're in an anatomic position. So once we've placed our spade tip guide pin, we're going to take our appropriately sized reamer. In this case it's an eight millimetres reamer. And it's cannulated reamer. So it goes right over our spade tip. And then. This will be a unicortical eight millimeter socket. I think it's important at this point to irrigate and remove any bone fragments in order to minimize the risk of heterotopic bone formation. And now we're ready to place our tension type button. So we're ready now to insert the tension type button. I brought this onto the field. It's important to get the orientation correct. We want the locking jaw to be facing up against the the far cortex. And to help us orient, there's a black line on the inserter. So we want this orientation. We want the button to be facing towards the ceiling here. So we'll keep this orientation. So this is the correct orientation. We do not want it going down like this. So we want it coming up like this with the black line facing up. So we're going to go ahead now and insert this into our socket. And then once I get it seated this button is slightly bigger than a traditional tension slide button. So once I get it in the opening I'll go ahead and gently feed it down into the hole, and then I'll give it some gentle taps just until I feel the button get through the cortex. So once I feel it, the button past the far cortex, I'll go ahead and unscrew the back of the inserter, remove the inserter from the field, and then I'll flip the button. So once my button has passed and flipped on the far cortex, I'm able to ensure that it's flipped here by just gently pulling up on these sutures and you can see my tendon starting to advance towards my tunnel. So I'm going to stop here. And just to confirm that my button is flipped on the far cortex, I'm going to get a lateral radiograph here. Here you can see our AP and lateral radiograph confirming excellent position on the button as it rests flat on the far cortex. As we demonstrate here on the live flora we have a very nice position of both our tunnel and our button. So I'll pull tension now on the sutures and advance the tendon to just to the opening of our socket. And at this point, in order to help Facilitate getting our tendon into the socket, we're going to flex the elbow. So we're pulling in perpendicular to our button. And our tendon is going in line and straight and dunking into the socket. So I'm going to go ahead now and do my final tensioning. And as I do this I can go ahead and really seat the entire tendon into the socket here. So sometimes you can help it with a freer. And then you go ahead and then I will also another pearl would be to take each of these sutures and tension them individually, just to make sure you get all the slack out of the system. So at this point, you can see that we have our tendon really well positioned and placed into the to the socket. It's filling the entire tunnel. I can run my freer down. If you would choose not to use a screw at this point, you can cut the sutures and you're done. If you would like to use a screw to either the tendon or further compress the tendon in the tunnel. You can go ahead and do that now. Go ahead and remove your screw. Take a knife here to cut our suture. We have removed our inserter, and you can see that we have our seven by ten millimeter biocomposite interference screw here placed adjacent to the tendon. We have excellent compression of the tendon within the socket. We have easily ten millimeter of tendon in our socket. We have excellent tension here. It's well fixed to the radial tuberosity. And at this point we've completed the procedure. We'll remove our retractors. I like to drop the tourniquet at this point make sure I have excellent hemostasis. And then we'll place this patient into a well-padded dressing. And I like to place the patients into a splint with the arm at 90 degrees of flexion and a neutral wrist rotation for approximately one week.

Distal Biceps Tendon Repair Using the TensionTight™ Button

J. Lee Pace, MD (Plano, TX), demonstrates a technique for medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction using onlay patellar fixation with Hybrid Knee FiberTak® anchors and femoral fixation with the FiberTag® TightRope® II PF implant.

Patellar Onlay Technique With Suspensory Femoral Fixation for MPFL Reconstruction

Hello, my name is Lee pace from Plano, Texas. I am an orthopedic surgeon with a specialty in sports medicine and knee surgery, and I'm here today to show the new Mpfl reconstruction technique using a patellar inlay technique as well as a new mpfl fiber tag tightrope for femoral fixation. So we have a graft here on this disposable graft prep and sizing table. And this is really nice when you're using autograft tissue because you can use this as we're going to show here to scrape muscle off just like this. This stuff just comes right off. Just like that. You can see you can really very easily get all that muscle off of a tendon when you're doing your mpfl reconstruction. So here we have a prepared gracilis graft for an mpfl reconstruction. We want to make sure that this portion of the graft is going to fit through a six millimeter femoral tunnel. So we're going to size that right now. So we're just going to bring this through here and pull this up. And there you can see that that fits very easily through that. We can probably pull that all the way through just like that. So we have a good graft size here. And then another thing to highlight on this graft prep table is at any point during graft prep, if you if you need to or want to, you can actually use these cleats to be able to hold the graft steady and add some tension. So I can just wrap this around here just like this. And now this one side of the graft is is going to be held stationary just like that. And then also if I want to I can also do the same thing on the other side as there's cleats on both sides of this graph prep table. So we've done a standard medial two incision approach for an mpfl reconstruction. Here is our femoral incision right here. That's typically going to be made under fluoroscopic control. Here is our patellar incision. And you can see we've got the medial aspect of the patella exposed. There's a medial patella. There's the joint right there. You can see I've marked out our anchor placement. This is about midway on the patella. And this is about 25% down from the superior pole. So we're going to place an anchor here and here. And then we're going to do an on lay technique to secure the graft between these two anchors. So here is the knee fiber tack ratcheting guide that we're going to use to drill our patellar sockets as well as place our anchors. So you can see this has a ratcheting mechanism with a release mechanism right there. And it's got a spike on one side. And that is meant to anchor in to one side. You can do this percutaneously and just kind of stab through the skin. Or if you would like to, you can also get an idea of where you want to put it. And you can make a small stab incision like this. So usually you want to start and get the lateral side in first. So I'm going to get this down. I can feel very firmly that I am on the lateral aspect of the patella. And then this just simply ratchets down. And I'm going to put this right over my purple mark. So I've got the ratcheting fiber tack guide in place. You can see that it's secured against the lateral patella and the medial patella. So I can kind of move the patella back and forth like this. This is very secure. This will allow very reproducible socket drilling as well as anchor placement. This is just going to bottom out. And then this fiber tack has a blunt inserter to allow for easier insertion on the mobile patella. Take this off. Move this. And then the anchor is in. And now I'm going to set it. So I'm going to pull. And you can see that that is very firmly in place. That is not coming out. Okay. So then I can place the second one. So I'm going to just kind of put it over the spot where I want to put the second anchor. I'll take a second. I'll make sure that that gets right down on the patella. That's very firmly on the patella right there on the lateral patella. We're going to come in here and we're going to just retract that up just a little bit. So I can see where that second mark is. And that looks good right there. Ratchet that down again. You can see very firm control of the patella right there 2.8mm hard bone drill. Bottom it out. And then look at that. Look at how much that actually inserts just with hand pressure. Finish it off with the mallet. And now we'll set this anchor. And again that is firm in there that is not pulling out. Okay. We're going to drill and prepare the femoral tunnel next. This is the Radiolucent Fluoroscopic guide for Shuttles Point which you can use at this point with lateral fluoroscopy. We've already determined where we want our femoral socket to be. So we're going to then take our Beath pin our spade tip Beath pin. And we're going to drill this across the femur. That's just going to poke out the skin of the lateral thigh. So now we can take our low profile six millimeter reamer. And we'll take that over the Beath pin. And you can honestly just take this to the next cortex and don't violate that. But that way you've got all the room you need in case your graft is a little long. And then from there we can switch this out to a fiber snare. And then we can just luggage tag this for later. Okay. Now we're going to fix our allograft on the patella. We've made a mark here at the midway of the graft like so. The first thing we're going to do is we're going to shuttle it through these two loops. Okay. And then we can just start tensioning this down. And we just take it each one at a time. And we're just going to make sure that as we get close that we keep that midpoint in between these two loops. And as we bring it down, you can see we've got our purple midway point basically perfectly between those two. And so we can just continue to cinch that down and cinch that down like that. And so we've got very good fixation now of that gracilis graft right on our medial patella. And you can see I can pull very firmly on that. And those anchors are not coming out. We've got very good onlay fixation of that graft on the patella. Now the next step, we're going to take a little measurement of how much gracilis graft we still have. You see if I can drag it down here that it is definitely going to be long enough. The question is, is it too long? The answer is probably not, because we have such a long femoral socket. But if we want to take an extra measure of precaution, we can measure how much length we have here. And you can see that we've got almost 9cm or 90mm of length. And we know that the mpfl is roughly about, on average, 65mm long. So if we want to, we could actually shorten this graph down. Maybe a centimeter, centimeter and a half. And we know that we're still going to get probably, you know, 15, 10 to 15mm of graft inside the femoral socket. So once we've kind of made that determination, if we do want to shorten it or if we're happy with what we've got, we can then remove our graph prep sutures and we can apply our fiber tag tightrope. So next we are going to fix this new mpfl fiber tag tightrope to the free ends of this gracilis graft. Okay, so the thing to point out is that this fiber tag is slightly smaller than what you would use for an ACL. So this is designed specifically for an mpfl reconstruction. And so what we do is we take this off of this backer card just like this. This will unroll. And this comes off. And now we've got this. And this is going to be very similar to an ACL reconstruction. So I'll take the tenaculum clamp next. And so this works just like it would for an ACL is we're going to take keep this little slot on top right there. Keep that little slot on top. This is going to feed into that. So we have the fiber tag now snared through the superior jaw of the tenaculum. And then once we have that then we can get the graft and we can pinch it all down together just like that. Okay. And then from there, it's just a basic suturing exercise. And now once we've got this, take the tenaculum clamp off, and then we can just simply just remove this just like that. And now we have our loop and we have our pull stitch, and we have our tightening sutures right here you can see that this loop is a little short. So we are going to lengthen it to make sure we have enough to get across the distal femur. So that should be we just even this out a little bit. That should be enough to to get us across the distal femur. The last thing to point out is that this is like the original tightrope, in that the tensioning sutures are actually going to be back here, and we're going to tension through the medial side. It's not going to be like an HT tightrope where we're tensioning on the lateral side. Now as we get ready to pass we can go ahead and we can cut these sutures right here. Now we're going to dissect out the plane between layers two and three, so that we can pass the graft from the patellar side down to the femoral side and then shuttle it into the femoral tunnel. So just dissect down like this. And I often will just get my my finger in here and just make sure that I can feel my scissors. I also want to make sure I do not cut my suture and I am. So now we're going to take a snare, bring that up, and then we're going to take all of our suture. Fold it over. Pull it down just like that. Okay. And now what we're going to do is we're going to take our blue sutures only. To pass the graft into the femoral tunnel. Okay. And now we can pull that through. Let me take this. And I'm just going to hold a little bit of back tension here. Okay. Go ahead and pull the button through. And you can do this with fluoroscopy in a live situation to make sure your button flips properly. But it feels like we just got the button through. So I'm going to just kind of pull back. And again we can usually check this with fluoroscopy, but it feels like the button is flipped because I am pulling back on the graft and I'm not getting anything to come back on me. Now we are just going to tighten the adjustable loop of our tightrope. So I like to have an assistant hold this. And we'll just shuttle this down until we're close. And I'll usually stop there. And then we'll bring it up through the under the patellar side of things. And this is my check rein to make sure that I don't over tension it. So I've got the knee flexed roughly 4550 degrees. That way, the patella is solidly engaged in the central to distal trochlea. So I know it's exactly where I want it to be. And now this is going to prevent me from over tensioning the tightrope. So if we look you can watch the graft tension over the clamp. Just like that. And once you feel like you've got some resistance there. Again, this prevents this allows you that one quadrant of translation. Once you've got a little bit of residual slack, you can then take it out. And then you can check your translation. So you can see here that I've got still about a quadrant of lateral patellar translation. So that's going to be pretty perfect. That's exactly what we want. So this is our way with this clamp to minimize the chance of over tensioning. It makes the tightrope technique very reliable. Now, typically what I would do at this point is I would take the knee through a range of motion, and I would confirm that there was no increased tension on the graft in deep knee flexion. And if that is confirmed, we can then proceed with cutting these sutures. We can remove the blue pull stitch. And now we can use these sutures to close our retinaculum. This is a 1.3mm suture tape. And as you can see this is all one long suture with a needle on either end. So we can come through the retinaculum here. So you can see the final retinacular closure here is complete. We've got good knots placed here and that is completely closed down.

Patellar Onlay Technique With Suspensory Femoral Fixation for MPFL Reconstruction

The DualCompression hindfoot fusion nail creates a stable fusion site by providing two modes of compression for intraoperative and postoperative dynamic compression across both joints.

DualCompression Hindfoot Fusion Nail Demonstration

The Arthrex dual compression Hindfoot nail mechanism demonstration with a distal calcaneal screw and the distal tibial screw already inserted. The t-handle is attached to begin tensioning the dual compression mechanism. As the cable is tensioned, it pulls the dual mechanism slider distally until the joint is fully compressed. When the joints can no longer compress, the nitinol element begins to stretch and continues to stretch until the distal slider reaches its final position in the distal slot hears the compression sequence again in slow motion. Once it has been fully seated, the second posterior to anterior calcaneal screw is inserted to lock the distal slider in position and maintain the compression across the joint. An optional Taylor screw is then inserted to provide rotational stability of the talus. An optional second proximal tibial screw can be inserted for additional support proximally.

DualCompression Hindfoot Fusion Nail Demonstration

The consolidated trays for the Univers Revers™ total shoulder system are designed to provide a cost-saving solution that preserves patient-specific optimization and enhanced operative workflow.

Univers Revers™ Total Shoulder System: Maintaining Global Patient Parameters With Fewer Trays

Speaker  Shoulder arthroplasty is evolving and so are we at Arthrex. We're giving surgeons a streamlined path to surgical excellence. Fewer trays with the same versatility you've come to expect. All to help you treat your patients better. The result? A dramatic reduction in O.R. waste and significant cost savings without compromising implant modularity or patient optimization. Our new consolidated system lets you perform a standard reverse case with just two trays and an augmented glenoid with only three trays, saving you space and streamlining your workflow, all while continuing to use the implants you're familiar with. Backed by over a decade of clinical data. Fewer trays. Same implant options. More efficiency.

Univers Revers™ Total Shoulder System: Maintaining Global Patient Parameters With Fewer Trays

John Zvijac, MD (Miami, FL), demonstrates the use of the NanoNeedle™ scope 2.0 and the PassPort Button™ cannula with auxiliary lumen for Nano shoulder arthroscopy labral repairs.

Labral Repair Using the NanoNeedle™ Scope 2.0 and the PassPort Button™ Cannula With Auxiliary Lumen

Speaker  Hi, I'm John from Miami, Florida, and today we're showcasing a label repair technique using the Nanoneedle scope 2.0 and the accessory Lumen Passport. This setup allows for ultra minimally invasive access and enhanced maneuverability. We've already established our portals, and the accessory Lumen Passport is positioned to facilitate suture management and instrument passage. You'll see how this design improves efficiency and flexibility during the repair. Here is what the accessory Lumen Passport looks like. We have a center hole for instrumentation, and then there is an accessory lumen, which allows for passage of a multitude of micro instruments for suture management. Here we see the nanoneedle scope in the posterior shoulder portal and the accessory passport lumen anteriorly in a rotator cuff interval. A little pro tip the accessory portal. If you can leave this inferiorly or posteriorly, it makes it a little bit easier for suture management. It's not that big of a deal. You can always put it in any position, but that's a little pro tip to help as you're moving this along. You can see the soft tissue bankart lesion that's occurred. This is the labrum all the way down. And we're well past the 6:00 position to allow for bringing the capsule both superiorly and laterally onto the articular surface. The labrum often falls not only medially but inferiorly while you're doing these type of surgeries. Speaker  So it's important to free all of this up for proper mobilization and tensioning. We'll be repairing this labral tear with the 1.8mm knotless fiber tack anchor. This is being done through the central lumen of our passport. And now we're going to pass the suture retriever through the accessory portal in our passport. You can see it coming through, and we can easily pass our stitch with the use of a scorpion through our central portal. And now we're going to just easily shuttle our loop stitch through our center portal. And now we're ready for shuttling a repair stitch. Keeping very nice suture management, preventing entanglement of the stitches intra articularly. We're going to take this stitch out through our center hole to allow for final cutting of the stitch. Here we're using the flush cutter, and we can just bring this down to central portal. And we can cut our stitch flush. And we're ready for the next stitch. The repair is completed with precise suture placement and minimal disruption to the surrounding tissue. The accessory Lumen Passport enhances suture management and expands our instrument options for suture passing during a label repair. Combined with the Nanoneedle scope 2.0, we're moving closer to an ideal solution for the ultra minimally invasive arthroscopy.

Labral Repair Using the NanoNeedle™ Scope 2.0 and the PassPort Button™ Cannula With Auxiliary Lumen

Peter C. Yeh, MD (Stoneham, MA), shares a surgical pearl for using a weighted clamp to optimize graft passage during all-inside ACL reconstruction.

SpeedPearl: All-Inside ACL Reconstruction Using a Weighted Clamp

All-inside ACL reconstructions require a level of precision and preparation, as proper graft and suture management are keys to ensuring a smooth case. Here's a simple but very effective way to pass the graft into the femoral socket. Rather than having an assistant's hand pulling on the tibial shuttle loops, I use two clamps to weigh down the tibial shuttle loop suture that comes out of the Am portal and tibial incision, taking advantage of gravity to tension it down and out of the way. The heavier the clamps, the better. This allows for ease of graft passage, but more importantly also frees up an assistant's hand to do something else to further the case. One clamps both sides of the tibial shuttle, stitch both the Am portal side as well as the tibial incision side. For extra weight, I put an additional clamp on just the suture loop coming into the Am portal to make it even heavier. This allows tension on the suture and allows for the passage of the graft without worry that the tibial shuttle sutures will get pulled in.

SpeedPearl: All-Inside ACL Reconstruction Using a Weighted Clamp

At the Hand and Wrist Fellowship Forum, Damon C. Adamany, MD (Phoenix, AZ), leads a case-based panel discussion with Michael Garcia, MD (Tampa, FL), Walter McClelland, MD (Atlanta, GA), Mollie Manley, MD (Akron, OH), and Steven J. Lee, MD (New York, NY), focused on complex distal humerus fractures and appropriate fixation strategies.

Case-Based Fixation Strategies for Distal Humerus Fractures

OrthoPedia: Case-Based Fixation Strategies for Distal Humerus Fractures

Raffy Mirzayan, MD (Los Angeles, CA), demonstrates his technique for harvesting bone marrow aspirate from the proximal humerus using the Vortex™ threaded recovery needle for processing in the Angel® system.

Proximal Humerus Bone Marrow Aspiration

Speaker  I'm Rafi Mirzaian from Los Angeles, and I'll be demonstrating a bone marrow aspiration from the proximal humerus for an augmentation of a full thickness rotator cuff tear. We have a right shoulder here, and my starting point for the bone marrow harvest is going to be just off the edge of the acromion, and I can localize that with a spinal needle. And my starting point is going to be just posterior to the biceps tendon off the articular margin, where you would typically put your anteromedial anchor for the rotator cuff repair. Now, typically the entry point of this trocar has been at a 45 degree angle relative to the head, and the harvest is performed from the humeral head. What I like to do is be more parallel with the humeral shaft and advance the trocar into the humeral shaft and harvest the marrow from there. And I typically do this in a lateral decubitus position with the arm abducted at 30 degrees. So it is critical that at this point that the arm is adducted all the way down. You can see how by doing that, that trocar becomes perfectly parallel with the humeral shaft. I prefer to use the vortex needle because it provides better directional and depth control. It also provides a watertight seal, which is critical in an arthroscopic harvest of bone marrow. The vortex needle is then twisted in by hand just to break that cortical bone, and it's also important to note that I did not prepare the the tuberosity whatsoever. I left the soft tissue on it. I did not use a burr and I'm using my hand. Speaker  We're not mounting this in. We're not forcing this in. We're letting the guide find its way into the canal. And I can advance this as far as I can before I can feel. Hitting the inner cortex of the humeral shaft, which would be my stop. And you can see how deep we've actually inserted this trocar to be able to get into the shaft of the humerus. All right. So what we can do now is back this guy up. Get the fluoro in here and then shoot to show this is going down the canal. So we've now inserted our vortex needle all the way down the canal of the humerus. We will remove the trocar. And attach our vac lock syringe onto it and push back all the way. Look at that arrow. And it helps if you rotate this back and forth so you can aspirate from multiple sites through the canal. There you go. You see how quickly that aspirated. Once you're done with the aspiration, the vortex needle is removed and you can now insert your anteromedial anchor into the same hole that you just removed the needle from. So the important note here is that you do not want to do any tuberosity preparation. This includes removing of soft tissue or burning down the bone. It's also advantageous to do this at the very beginning of the case. Aspirate the bone marrow. Hand it off to the staff so they can prepare it through the angel system. So it'll be ready by the time you're done with the rotator cuff repair.

Proximal Humerus Bone Marrow Aspiration

Patrick J. Denard, MD (Medford, OR), describes a surgical pearl to maneuver and open the CuffMend™ graft spreader in a tight subacromial space to position the ArthroFlex® human dermal allograft.
ArthroFlex® is a registered trademark of LifeNet Health.

SpeedPearl: Opening the CuffMend™ Graft Spreader in a Tight Space

Sometimes you can encounter a tight space when doing a koufman augmentation. So one tip I like to do is start by having your wrist turned away from you. And then as you insert the lateral cannula, you want to pronate toward you as you open the graph spreader. That will really allow the graph spreader to lay right over the top of the rotator cuff.

SpeedPearl: Opening the CuffMend™ Graft Spreader in a Tight Space

John Ogunlade, DO (St. Louis, MO), demonstrates the technique for decompressing the lateral recess through an interlaminar endoscopic approach.

Endoscopic Approach to Lateral Recess Decompression

Speaker  Hi, my name is John Ogunlade. I'm an endoscopic spine surgeon. Today I'll be presenting on lateral recess decompression. So first you want to chew AP through the intended surgical level. So we're going to be targeting L405. What you can see here, this is the interlaminar window of L405. And then we're going to mark this inferior medial edge of that lamina of the L4 level. And that looks pretty good. We're right at the midpoint of that inferior medial edge of the lamina. And that's where we'll make our incision. So we'll make an incision through the fascia. And then we'll go straight in following the angle of our c-arm until we find a positive stop. And that's a positive stop there. You can actually see that I'm scraping the bottom edge of that inferior laminar edge there. And that looks great. So that one step dilator is on the inferior edge of that lamina. And then we'll use a tubular retractor to dilate over that one step dilator. And I like to have the bevel facing cranially. So that way when we come in, the first thing that we see is that area we're targeting the bony surface. And then now we can bring in our scope. So now that we've brought in our working tubular retractor, we're going to introduce our radio frequency flex tip probe to identify the area that we just targeted. So for orientation purposes, you can see that the bevel of my cane is facing cranially. Speaker  So this is towards the head. This is towards the feet. We are here. This is lateral and this is medial. So now that we brought in our tubular retractor, we're going to now expose that inferomedial edge of that L4 lamina. And this is kind of exposing what we were targeting so that we can start our lateral recess decompression. You can see this little slope here kind of signifies where that medial edge of the lamina falls off. There's a little bit of fibers from the facet capsule. And we're ready to start our drilling. So we're going to introduce this drill. This is a little bit more aggressive. And really we want to drill along this attachment of this ligamentum flavum where it attaches to the ventral surface of this lamina. So you can see this is part of this defect that I just created using the drill. And you can see this is actually the ventral surface of the lamina where we're going to focus our drilling. And we're going to follow this nice curvilinear path along the inferior edge of the lamina so that we can detach the ligamentum flavum. We've seen how you can use the fluted burr for more aggressive resection of the medial border of the medial facet joint. I'm going to now demonstrate how you can use a diamond burr to really target and remove some of this attachment of the ligamentum flavum. Speaker  But really what I want to demonstrate here is how we're using this diamond burr push directly on this ligamentum flavum and drill right along the attachment of the ligamentum flavum. And that's how we're going to detach our ligament and do our lateral recess decompression. Often we'll run into the most cranial extent of our interlaminar window and we may have to extend that. So what I'm going to do is I'm going to use this diamond burr to polish off some of this soft tissue. Then we're going to also extend our interlaminar window more cranially so we can reach the insertion of the ligamentum flavum. So what you might see here is by just gentle pressure on any soft tissue, you could use that to polish and remove that soft tissue attachment from bony surfaces, so that you don't have to go back to using a pituitary or any other instruments to increase your field of vision. So we're going to deploy our sheath here. And we're going to go more cranial to remove some of this laminar edge. So we can continue our detachment of that ligamentum flavum. And the goal here is to work in planes. So once you have reached the depth that you want for your detachment, the ligamentum flavum, you're going to keep that depth and you're going to follow this curvilinear path all the way caudally so that you get nice smooth lines. Speaker  So before we get to the cranial attachment of our ligamentum flavum for our lateral recess decompression, it's important to find the inferior border of this caudal attachment and expose it. This is a little bit of synovium here. We're just going to move that out of the way. What we'll do is we'll use the drill to detach the Ligamentum flavum both Cranially and Caudally. And I can feel a bone deep to this soft tissue. It would be great to expose this so that when you go for your caudal ligamentum flavum detachment, you can actually see the removal and the detachment of that caudal ligamentum flavum. So again we're on the patient's left side. This is now the top of the L5 lamina right where it becomes the spinous process. And what you can see here this is the inferior articulating process of L4 on the left that's coming to create the joint with the SAP, which is going to be right underneath this soft tissue. And what we want to do is we want to trim this ligamentum flavum off of the ventral attachment of this L5 lamina. So that's going to be part of our goal. And we'll use the shaver to do that. Right now our orientation the top of the screen is directly cranial. Speaker  So this is towards the head. This is towards the feet. This is lateral and this is medial. And what you're noticing is that I'm constantly changing the rotation of the scope by adjusting my hand so that I can get the best view without destroying tissue. That's unnecessary. So this is the medial border of our inferior articulating process of L4. That's our ligamentum flavum attachment to that inferomedial articular process of L4. And now you can see we're now attaching the ligamentum flavum from the ventral surface of the L5 lamina. So you can see here this is the cranial edge of L5 and the ligamentum flavum attaching to the ventral surface of it. We're going to detach that using this diamond burr. And again you know there's different shaver burr tips that you can use whether it's fluted or diamond burr. I would argue that you should use a diamond burr for this step, as the attachment of the ligamentum flavum will come up very quickly. Okay, so what we're looking at now is the facet joint. This. Here to the left is our inferior trickling process of L4. And this here is our superior articulating process of L5 coming up from the lamina of L5. We're going to drill along this attachment of this ligamentum flavum. And for the goal of this surgery for decompressing the lateral recess, we really need to get to the superior articular process as that's our compressive lesion. Speaker  If the patient has significant amount of ligamentum flavum hypertrophy by detaching it from the superior articular process, you're also decompressing the neural elements. So now we can start to detach our ligamentum flavum. You're starting to see the ligamentum flavum thin out to this thin wispy white insertion point. So we know that we've detached it caudally. We can now follow this out laterally, and it's very hard to get the lateral attachment of the ligamentum flavum completely because it goes out the foramen. However, you can use this as a guide of detachment from the actual superior articulating process of L5 in this case. And from there we'll make our turn cranially so that we can detach the flavum off the ventral surface of L4 and go all the way to our cranial attachment. So now we're drilling along the medial ventral surface of L4 along the IAP to the lamina. So occasionally I would encourage you to take a break so that you can actually clean up some of these surfaces and remove some of the soft tissue that may impede your view, as in this case, some of the soft tissue creep was getting in our way. And I want you guys to see the attachment of the ligamentum flavum. So now we're here along the medial border of the facet joint. And we're going to continue to remove this ligamentum flavum from its medial attachment. Speaker  We can follow this all the way up cranially and caudally so that we're making one smooth line across the switch that joint. And now we're getting to the attachment of the ligamentum flavum. So now you can clearly see the attachment of the ligamentum flavum ventrally at the caudal aspect of the L4 lamina. And as we continue to work with our drill, we're going to detach it completely. And then we'll use our Kerrison to remove the ligamentum flavum on this ipsilateral side. So we're detaching the ligamentum flavum from its cranial L4 attachment. So it looks like the ligamentum flavum is ready to be detached. We can continue using the drill. Or we can use this angled curette to now detach the ligamentum flavum. We're going to use this Curette to go circumferentially around the ipsilateral medial facet joint and come all the way down to the lamina of L5. So now that we've detached the ligamentum flavum, both cranially and caudally, we'll use the kerosene to detach ligamentum flavum. You can see this. Here is the sap here. We'll decompress that as well. We're going to grab the ligamentum flavum, and we're going to peel it off from caudal to cranial. So you can see our neural elements and our thecal sac down below. This is our sap here. And now we can actually take down some of this sap. Speaker  Now we're just going to remove the bulk of this ligamentum flavum. It's still attached medially. So it may be hard to get out, but you can typically detach it in one big piece. So we've successfully detached the Ligamentum flavum, both Cranially and Caudally. Now we're just going to remove this ligamentum flavum with the pituitary. So you can see we have our dura exposed. There's still some flavum here. Medially. We can use a kerosene to detach that. But you know I'm going to use the shaver. We're going to go a little bit more lateral with our lateral recess decompression so that we can get to the lateral edge of that exiting route. So. This is now our AP. You can see that we've now completely decompressed this traversing route. It's the last of our ligamentum flavum still attached here as it starts to go out the foramen. Oftentimes you might find that the facet joint is significantly overgrown. And as in this case, you would want to make sure we have a thorough decompression until we reach the edge of that lateral recess and the traversing root. So that would require us to remove a little bit more of this medial facet joint. So if you don't get to this edge of the sap, you may have an insufficient decompression. So don't be afraid to go back, bring in your shaver and safely remove the medial border of overgrown facet joint so that you can reach the lateral edge of this traversing root to ensure that it's decompressed. Speaker  And now we use this soft tissue shaver to clean up some of these floaters. So now that we've done our lateral recess decompression we'll take a look at the anatomy. So right now we're resting on the superior edge of the L5 lamina. You can see our laminectomy defect where we have detached the ligamentum flavum from the ventral surface of the lamina. Here is the superior surface of the L5 lamina that we've detached the ligamentum flavum. You can follow this lamina up to the sap. You can see that this is now the lateral recess. And this is our traversing root completely decompressed with our disc space underneath. We continue in this orientation here. We'll go out the foramen. And again, the goal of our lateral recess decompression is to make sure that this traversing root is completely decompressed from the inferior border of that disc space to the superior border of that disc space. You can see it's completely mobilized, and that's our disc underneath. So if you look at the pre-op image and compare it to the post-op image, you can see that our interlaminar window has been widened and that the lateral recess and the facet joint has been trimmed very minimally to decompress that traversing root.

Endoscopic Approach to Lateral Recess Decompression

John Munz, MD (Houston, TX), describes how he uses BoneSync™ bone void fillers in his trauma practice and presents a case using BoneSync cement during a proximal tibial fracture repair.

BoneSync™ Bone Void Fillers for Proximal Tibia Fracture Management

Speaker  Hello, I'm Doctor John Munns from Houston, Texas. I practice at UT Health Houston. And today I want to discuss Arthrex bone sink for the management of Metaphyseal voids. Bone sink is a cement product that's easy to use. It's fast remodeling, suitable drillable and moldable, and comes in a self-contained delivery syringe. This is also available in putties and strips and provides an osteoconductive material. This is particularly helpful in the management of metaphyseal voids in articular fractures. Applications in my practice include tibial plateau fractures, tibial pilon fractures, and calcaneus fractures. I want to present a case today. This is a 60 year old female ground level fall. You can see from the X-rays this lateral split depressed tibial plateau with a significant articular depression going through the axial, coronal and sagittal images really highlights the amount of metaphyseal crush and the void you're going to have after providing reduction of that articular surface. This is something you have to plan for. You have to backfill that void. And we have a lot of options. We have allograft and we have cement type products during the surgical reconstruction, using a universal distractor to visualize that joint. You can provide reduction with either Tamps or Osteotomes. Once you have that articular reduction, provisional Kirschner wire fixation, but you can see the large void left behind. You have to address this, and Bone sink is an excellent product for this. Here the application of the bone sink in the metaphyseal void plate fixation, really securing the condylar width, the alignment stability, and the articular reduction. But one must also stress the need for any residual soft tissue injury and then address those accordingly. Final images here just showing the AP lateral of an anatomical joint reconstruction, and then that metaphyseal void that's been filled. In conclusion, bone sink cement is an excellent option to address metaphyseal voids after articular reconstruction and can help you treat your patients better.

BoneSync™ Bone Void Fillers for Proximal Tibia Fracture Management

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