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AR-S6524-025-230P

Human

Spine

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Procedure

The transforaminal endoscopic thoracic discectomy is a powerful approach for treating all types of thoracic disc herniations and, in recent studies, has been shown to minimize collateral damage, blood loss, postoperative pain, and spinal cord manipulation.1-4 This is the only approach that offers an unobstructed view of the ventral thoracic canal without extensive bony resection and without requiring entry into the thoracic cavity.&nbsp;
References
1. Bae J. Chachan S. Shin SH, Lee SH. Transforaminal endoscopic thoracic discectomy with foraminoplasty for the treatment of thoracic disc herniation. J Spine Surg. 2020:6(2):397-404. doi:10.21037/iss.2019.11.19
2. Komp M. Ruetten S. Full-endoscopic anterior excision of thoracic disc herniations, including giant and calcified discs with spinal cord compression: surgical technique and outcomes. Eur Spine J. 2023.32(8):2685-2693. doi:10.1007/00586-023-07807-0
3. Konakondia S, Sofoluke N, Barber SM, Rimini SA, Siotkin JR. Outpatient endoscopic resection of large calcified thoracic disc herniation with caudal displacement. Neurosurg Focus Video. 2022:6(1):V/18. doi:10.3171/2021.10.FOCVID2112
4. Telfeian AE, Wagner R. Transforaminal endoscopic thoracic discectomy, surgical technique. J Spine Surg. 2023:9(2):166-175. doi:10.21037/ss-22-109

Transforaminal Endoscopic Thoracic Discectomy

Child (D)

The ultra-minimally invasive trans-SAP approach provides a targeted corridor for accessing foraminal and lateral recess pathology, as well as cranial disc extrusions, particularly when facet anatomy or pathology limits a direct trajectory beneath the superior articular process. 1,2&nbsp;
 
References
 
1. Lee S, Kim SK, Lee SH, et al. Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy for migrated disc herniation: classification of disc migration and surgical approaches. Eur Spine J. 2007;16(3):431-437. doi:10.1007/s00586-006-0219-4
2. Lewandrowski KU, Telfeian AE, Hellinger S, et al. Difficulties, challenges, and the learning curve of avoiding complications in lumbar endoscopic spine surgery. Int J Spine Surg. 2021;15(suppl 3):S21-S37. doi:10.14444/8161

Trans-SAP Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy

A transforaminal, or paraspinal, approach provides the ability to reach far-lateral disc herniations. Using a spine-specific endoscope minimizes soft-tissue disruption, resulting in less postoperative pain.1,2 Additionally, studies showed that approximately 85% patients who underwent endoscopic lumbar discectomy returned to athletic activity in as few as 6 to 8 weeks.3,4
References
1. Sairyo&nbsp;K, Matsuura T,&nbsp;Higashino&nbsp;K, et al. Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar&nbsp;discectomy for athletes. J Spine. 2013;S5(006):1-4. doi:10.4172/2165-7939.S5-006&nbsp;​
2. Sivakanthan&nbsp;S, Williams JR,&nbsp;Feroze&nbsp;AH, et al. Endoscopic spine surgery in&nbsp;athletes: case series and review of literature. World&nbsp;Neurosurg. 2021;145:702-707. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.211
3. Polikandriotis&nbsp;JA, Hudak EM, Perry MW. Minimally invasive surgery through&nbsp;endoscopic laminotomy and foraminotomy for the treatment of lumbar spinal&nbsp;stenosis. J&nbsp;Orthop. 2013;10(1):13-16. doi:10.1016/j.jor.2013.01.006
4. Ruetten&nbsp;S,&nbsp;Komp&nbsp;M, Merk H,&nbsp;Godolias&nbsp;G. Use of newly developed instruments&nbsp;and endoscopes: Full-endoscopic resection of lumbar disc herniations via the&nbsp;interlaminar and lateral transforaminal approach. J&nbsp;Neurosurg&nbsp;Spine.&nbsp;2007;6(6):521-530. doi:10.3171/spi.2007.6.6.2

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AR-S6524-025-230P

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